A Pestel Analysis Of Indian Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Example

A Pestel Analysis Of Indian Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Example A Pestel Analysis Of Indian Tourism Tourism Essay Paper A Pestel Analysis Of Indian Tourism Tourism Essay Paper Learning should be like pleasance trips, like jaunts, to research new views, and to achieve greater highs of cognition. The basic intent of larning should be to foster curiousness in such a mode that clear value add-ons take topographic point. What is new and different? In a competitory universe, distinction is the best scheme, and I have adopted that. The whole term paper is written in stairss so that our instructor could understand my term paper easy, as compared to others. I have given the PESTEL and observation of the touristry industry in dustry in the best possible mode. The existent observations and illustrations are given in the term paper. Benefits from term paper? This term paper has been written to provide the demands of anyone who wants the first manus experience of assorted factors act uponing the touristry industry. Assorted facts and figures are given to understand touristry industry in better manner. Travelers TO VISIT INDIA TRAVELLERS TO VISIT INDIA -ARTICLE # 5: COMMONWEALTH GAMES A ; INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY Article # 6: GROWTH TREND IN EXOTIC INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY SOURCEOF DATA PESTEL ANALYSIS OF INDIAN TOURISM -POLITICAL Analysis -ECONOMIC Analysis -SOCIAL Analysis -TECONOLOGICAL Analysis -ECOLOGICAL Analysis -LEGAL Analysis Observation FUTURE OF TOPIC REFRENCES Aim PESTEL ANALYSIS OF INDIAN TOURISM is being done in order to look into and find the consequence of assorted factors that have an impact on the growing and constitution of touristry. The chief aim of this term paper is as under: PESTEL analysis of INDIAN TOURISM Article Analysis on INDIAN TOURISM Observation of INDIAN TOURISM FUTURE of subject. Introduction Indian Tourism: The touristry industry in INDIA is significant and vivacious, and the state is fast going a major planetary finish. India s travel and touristry industry is one of them most profitable industries in the state, and besides credited with lending a significant sum of foreign exchange. This is illustrated by the fact that during 2006, four million tourers visited India and spent US $ 8.9 billion. Several grounds are cited for the growing and prosperity of India s travel and touristry industry. Economic growing has added 1000000s yearly to the ranks of India s in-between category, a group that is driving domestic touristry growing. Disposable income in India has grown by 10.11 % yearly from 2001-2006, and much of that is being spent to go. Thankss in portion to its dining IT and outsourcing industry a turning figure of concern trips are made by aliens to India, who will frequently add a weekend interruption or longer vacation to their trip. Foreign tourists spend more in India than about any other state worldwide. Tourist reachings are projected to increase by over 22 % per twelvemonth through boulder clay 2010, with a 33 % addition in foreign exchange net incomes recorded in 2004. The Tourism Ministry has besides played an of import function in the development of the industry, originating publicizing runs such as the Incredible India run, which promoted India s civilization and tourer attractive forces in a fresh and memorable manner. The run helped make a colourful image of India in the heads of consumers all over the universe, and has straight led to an addition in the involvement among tourers. . Both straight and indirectly, increased touristry in India has created occupations in a assortment of related sectors. The Numberss tell the narrative: about 20 million people are now working in the India s touristry industry. A new growing sector is medical touristry. It is presently turning at around 30 % per annum. Medical tourer reachings are expected to make one million shortly. The touristry industry of India is based on certain nucleus chauvinistic ideals and criterions which are: Swaagat or welcome, Sahyog or cooperation, Soochanaa or information, Sanrachanaa or substructure, Suvidha or facilitation, Safaai or cleanliness and Surakshaa or security. The undermentioned tabular array provides the major tourer attractive force in India: Charminar: Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh.Kaziranga National Park: Assam. Qutub Minar: Delhi. Mangueshi Temple: Goa. Shimla: Himachal Pradesh.Dal: LakeJammu and Kashmir. Jog FallsShimoga District, Karnataka. Kovalam Beach: Kerala. Amarkantak: Madhya Pradesh. Ajanta: Maharashtra. Puri: Orissa. Golden Temple: Amritsar, Punjab. Jaipur: Rajasthan. Madras: Tamil Nadu. Badrinath Temple: Uttarakhand, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Victoria Memorial: Kolkata, Bengal PESTEL Analysis: Originally designed as a concern environmental scan, the PEST or PESTLE analysis is an analysis of the external macro environment ( large image ) in which a concern operates. These are frequently factors which are beyond the control or influence of a concern, nevertheless are of import to be cognizant of when making merchandise development, concern or scheme planning. PESTEL analysis is the method to qualify or to analyze the assorted characteristics and traits of any industry like steel industry, power industry, etc, . We are analyzing INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY by utilizing PESTEL ANALYSIS.PESTEL stands for POLITICAL ECONOMICAL SOCIAL Technical ECOLOGICAL LEGAL ARTICLES/LITERATURE REVIEW ON INDIAN TOURISM ARTICLE # 1: Tourism IN INDIA: BY SINGH, KARNAIL, 07 JUN 2008, TOURISM IN INDIA hypertext transfer protocol: //aaharways.com/main/modules/articles/article.php? id=196 The growing of touristry is at a really speedy gait the twelvemonth 2004-2005 show touristry as major subscribers to Indian Economy. There is an inordinate growing on the reaching of foreign tourer. Tourist started coming from Middle East, South Africa, USA, Spain, France and Portugal etcaˆÂ ¦This act as a major subscribers in India s economic system. Interesting characteristic of this growing is that it has come even as planetary touristry has dropped, due to the September 11 terrorist onslaughts in the United States, the eruption of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in East Asia, and the Iraq waraˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ Analysis: Harmonizing to this article the writer tries to state that one of the major subscriber to the Indian economic system is the touristry industry. One of the political factor of the PESTEL analysis has effected the touristry growing, i.e, the onslaught of the 11 septembet which was the terrorist activity. The writer says that due to the rise in the income which has made economic conditions of the people better has added in the domestic touristry. The people in summers visit hilly countries like Kashmir and Himachal, which has happened due to lift in income of the people. Aggressive advertisement run Incredible India by the authorities has besides had part in altering India s image. More than 6500 cab drivers, eating house proprietors and ushers trained under the programme. ARTICLE # 2: ROYAL TRAINS IN INDIA: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articlesnatch.com/topic/Indian-Maharaja-Train-in -india-cream-of-indian-tourism_2192928.html Royal Trains in India offer royal campaigns to the most vivacious metropoliss of India. Royal Trains in India offer an chance to experience the royalty and elegance of Indian Maharajas of water under the bridge epoch. The Royal Indian Trains take the tourers through the verdant vales, waste comeuppances, royal castles, imperial garrisons, celebrated beaches and so on and on.Royal Trains in India are Indian heritage hotels on board which open their doors in different metropoliss of India each twenty-four hours. These heriatge trains in India provide the tourers with the extreme royal atmosphere to do them experience the royalty of Indian Maharajas, Mighty Marathas and Royal RajputsaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. Analysis: Harmonizing to this article the writer tries to state that the one of the beauty of Indian touristry is the royal trains of India. There are 5 royal trains in India- Palace on Wheels, Royal Rajasthan on Wheels, Golden Chariot, Maharaja Express and Deccan Odyssey. All of the five Indian Royal Trains supply luxury Tourss in India. Royal trains represent the values, heritage and the civilization of the India. This is one of the societal factor if we take this article with regard to the PESTEL analysis, that has impact on Indian touristry. The royal train are adding great value to tourism as many royality seeking tourers are sing India for this ground. ARTICLE # 3: RNCOS RELEASES A NEW REPORT: BY SHUSHMUL, MAHESHWARI, RNCOS E-Services Pvt. Ltd hypertext transfer protocol: //www.Articlebase.com/rnocs-realese-new-report The study Indian Tourism Industry Analysis by RNCOS provides an penetration into the Indian touristry market. It evaluates the yesteryear, present and future scenario of the Indian touristry market and discusses the key factors which are doing India a possible touristry finish. With focal points on different parametric quantities of touristry industry, including inward touristry, outbound touristry, outgo by inward tourers, medical touristry, and hotel industry, the study gives a thorough analysis on the touristry industry in India. Key Issues A ; Facts Analyzed -A What is the current province of the touristry industry in India? -A What are the emerging tendencies in the touristry sector? -A Which are the taking touristry provinces? A What is the future mentality of the touristry industry? -A Which factors are driving the Indian touristry industry? -A What is the scenario of the hotel industry in India? Analysis: Harmonizing to the study, India represents one of the most possible touristry markets in the universe. It has expanded quickly over the past few old ages and underpinned by the authorities support, lifting income degree and assorted international athleticss events, the Indian touristry industry will go on to turn at the fastest gait in the coming old ages. However, the industry may hold to get by up with several challenges which will restrict its growing. Cardinal Findingss: -A India is expected to see an inflow of 10 Million international tourers by 2010, up from merely 5 Million inA 2007.A Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Rajasthan are the taking touristry finishs inA India in footings of entire tourer arrivals.A Bharat has been advancing its health care touristry by supplying the visitants with private health care installations. It isA expected that the entire market for medical touristry will make US $ 2 Billion by 2012, stand foring a CAGR of 60.69 % . -A Personal disposable income during 2002-2007 grew at a CAGR of 14.16 % , thereby driving domesticA every bit good asA outward touristry. -A Indian outbound tourer flow is expected to increase at a CAGR of 13.30 % over the five-year periodA spanningA from 2008 to 2012. -A India s portion in the planetary touristry is expected to make 1.5 % by 2010. ARTICLE # 4: INDIAN MEDICAL TOURISM TREMENDOUSLY ATTRACTING TRAVELLERS TO VISIT INDIA hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articlenow.com/indian-medical-tourism The ailing glooming faces can now smile as India has been declared an ideal finish for medical Tourss. Even the weakness Black Marias are now treated more successfully at a much lower cost as compared to other parts of the universe. In medical field, India has seen much growing and promotions. In the offing, the most complicated by base on balls surgeries or bone marrow grafts are feasible in India. Analysis: Harmonizing to this article the writer tries to state that the medical touristry in India is turning at a high gait and which has benefitted the Indian touristry. This is one of the technological factor of the PESTEL analysis, that has been impacting Indian touristry. , Indian touristry has been turning because of medical touristry. medical and medical related installations are inexpensive in India as compared to other states. As a portion of Visit India 2009, the Ministry of Tourism has discussed with all major infirmaries of India to offer incentivised trades to the medical tourers. . It is reported that over 1.5 lakhs medical tourers visited India for medical touristry in 2002 alone that brought approximately $ 300 million of net incomes. Ever since so this figure of inflow of medical tourers is increasing twelvemonth after twelvemonth by at least 25 % . This is supplying better oppournity to touristry industry to spread out ARTICLE # 5: COMMONWEALTH GAMES AND INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articlebase.com/commonwealth-games-and-indian-tourism-industry-956058 Gone are yearss when Indian Tourism Industry had received a set back. A new epoch of Indian touristry is ushering and things are now falling into their right topographic point. India is excessively happy to host the exciting Commonwealth Games in 2010. And every bit enthusiastic is Delhi where these Games are scheduled. 85 squads of Commonwealth Nations would be seen contending for 17 subjects. The 12 twenty-four hours long event will hold lucifers of swimming, wrestle, weightlifting, cycling, endurance contest, badminton, pugilism, hiting, sports, table tennis and tennis etc. which would be held from 3rd to 14th October 2010 Analysis: Harmonizing to this article, writer ties to state that India and more significantly Delhi and neighbouring provinces have geared themselves up for the approaching Commonwealth Games this twelvemonth. The tourers will be much excited to witness the participants viing in the freshly built Khelgaon near Yamuna River Bank which is really close to Swami Narayan Akshardham temple. Delhi Government and Indian Government had ventured into upgradation of substructure of the state. The Aviation, Hospitality every bit good as Tour and travel industry will be extremely benefited from the Games. Keeping this in head, the transit services are being improved, metro trains will be shortly seen providing riders, A new hotels are mushrooming and the bing 1s are been renovated.In add-on to this, the monumental heritage of Delhi and environing provinces as Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh Madhya Pradesh is specially taken attention of. ARTICLE # 6: GROWTH TREND IN EXOTIC INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY India, the ancient cultural cradle of the universe, fascinates tourers from every corner of the universe. Even we Indians are non to the full cognizant of the beauty our state has like our ancient metropoliss, temples, minarets, mosques, gardens, lakes, mountains and a batch more. The most popular tourer finishs in India are Central India, The North Eastern provinces, Calcutta, Mumbai, New Delhi, Khajuraho, and Goa, where Rajasthan, due to its broad scope of cultural and cultural diversenesss, is the Eden for the foreign tourers. Indian touristry industry is being utilized as a well-planned tool to ease international apprehension and enabling edifice of cultural skylines in a broader manner. The Government of India has already initiated to accomplish such aims by offering attractive bundles to foreign tourers. It has besides organized route shows in major markets of the Earth such as the UK, Canada, Australia, Singapore and Malaysia. Within first two old ages of the debut of 11th Fiv e Year Plan, the ministry has sanctioned undertakings deserving USD 14.27 million. Analysis: This station give us an overview of touristry industry in India, its growing and its part in to the state s economic growing. Tourism is a turning industry in India that accounts for the larger subdivision of foreign net incomes for our state. In recent old ages, the industry has been badly affected because of the factors terrorist act and the distressing state of affairs in Kashmir. The earning through touristry in India was dropped below than USD 1.5 billion and so the touristry traffic, that merely accounted for 0.5 per centum of the entire traffic of the universe. Unlike past few old ages, 2009 has shown a mark of betterment in foreign tourer influx. This has led the industry to lend about USD 67.3 billion to gross domestic merchandise this twelvemonth, which is expected to lift above USD 187.3 billion by 2019. Harmonizing to Mr Sujit Banerjee, the Tourism Secretary of India, foreign tourer arrival marks is expected to traverse six million this twelvemonth. Besides, a 24 per cent addition was observed in foreign exchange net incomes ( FEE ) as compared to old old ages. Tourism gross is expected to turn by 42 per centum from 2007 to 2017. After witnessing the positive growing for the first clip in 2009, the touristry ministry has planned to develop three niche merchandises, which are wellness touristry, caravan touristry and helipad touristry this twelvemonth. Besides, the Tourism ministry is concentrating on the safety and security of the tourers through consciousness plans and ad runs to lure more visitants. It is invariably doing an entreaty to Indian public to take attention of their invitees with the true spirit of Atithi Devo Bhava . India is traveling towards its finish of tourers chief attractive force topographic point from the phrase Incredible India . Other services like travel ushers, roads, air travel, catering, sanitation, transit and telecommunication are being operated from professional evidences. This would hike the touristry industry every bit good as the economic system of the state. Beginning OF DATA: The beginning of informations that I have used is SECONDARY SOURCE DATA. Secondary information is elected in signifier of information which has already been collected by person. Along with thissome information on crisis direction, their characteristics are collected from cyberspace. For more information sing research methodological analysis, books from library have been referred. PESTEL ANALYSIS OF INDIAN TOURISM Political Analysis: In India, one can neer over-look the political factors which influence each and every industry bing in the state. Like it or non, the political intervention has to be present everyplace. Given below are a few of the political factors with regard to the touristry industry: TERRORISM A ; SECURITY: Terrorism has an inauspicious consequence on the growing and advancement of any state. Terrorism has besides bad consequence on the touristry industry if India. It is the large political job to the regulating party of the state. With the rise in terrorist act the growing of touristry industry in the disturbed parts of state has been at slew rate. The provinces like Jammu and Kashmir, Assam etc. hold a bad touristry end product, which intern effects the state s growing. The govt. of India is taking stairss in respect to undertake the terrorist act by supplying more security to the tourers who are sing such terrorist prone countries. Political Instability: Political instability besides has consequence on touristry industry. Sometimes frequent alteration of parties at province or cardinal degree have an impact on touristry policies and upliftment of tourer sites, as the different parties have different attack to tourist industry. Infrastructure: Infrastructure development depends chiefly upon the authorities or governing political party. There has been a great substructure development from last 20 old ages in India. The better substructure has attracted more and more tourer in India that is why the tourers visited in 2000 were 684 million and 2004 were 760 million. Relations WITH NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES: Relationship with the bordering states have besides a direct relationship with the touristry industry. The political relationship of India with most of bordering states is good, but the tourer from near states are non often sing the state. LACK OF INTERNATIONAL REPRESENTATION: One of job that is because of political factor is the deficiency of international representation of the state. Indian authorities does non givemuch penchant to representation of state internationally because of which touristry rate does non increase by any excess sum. States like Malaysia are stand foring their state internationally which is giving hike their touristry. Economic Analysis: Economic factor besides play an of import function in the analysis of the touristry industy. Better economic factors help to drive more and more tourer from different states every bit good as from domestic market.The Tourism sector of Indian economic system is at present sing a immense growing. The Tourism sector of Indian economic system has become one of the major industrial sectors under the Indian economic system. The touristry industry earns foreign exchanges worth Rs. 21,828 crore. Previous twelvemonth the growing rate of the touristry sector of Indian economic system was recorded as 17.3 % Some of the economic factors that affect touristry industry are: GDP ( GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ) : Gross domestic merchandise besides plays major portion in the upliftment of touristry industry. The GDP of India is turning at changeless gait, it was about 9 % in July,2008. Better growing of GDP has helped to pull more and more tourer. The touristry will besides assist to raise the GDP of India as if more and more tourist arrive they will pass more money which inturn raise the GDP of state. RISE IN NATIONAL INCOME: The Indian touristry is one of the major subscribers in increasing national income and bettering the economic conditions of India. US $ 4810 were generated in twelvemonth 2004 alone from touristry industry and it has increased upto 36 % from old twelvemonth 2003. BETTER ECONOMIC CONDITIONS: If we talk about the Indian touristry industry, the rise in the end product is non merely because if the foreign tourers but the domestic touristry has besides been distributing its wings and adding much more to tourism industry. As the economic condiions has been acquiring better from last decennary and so people are now passing much on Tourss and going. SOCIAL ANALYSIS: Social factor are those factors that affect the touristry industry because of the society. Social factors have more or less a important impact on Indian touristry industry. Some of the societal factors that I have analysed, that consequence touristry industry of India are: DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES: Demographic tendencies describe the alterations in demographics in a population over clip. In India bulk of the population is of the immature people, who are willing to pass and to see different parts of the state, therefore one of this societal factor has helped in development of touristry industry bulk of population i.e, 50 % is under the age of 23 old ages. Huge CULTURE: As we all know that the India is state of assorted faith and has oldest civilization. India is frequently called subcontinent. The Indian civilization drives more and more aliens to see the state. The is so much enormousness in Indian civilization and demographics that the tourers find it better to see state like India as compared to any other state as they find assorted and huge civilizations in India. HEALTHIER LIFESTYLE: India provides tendencies to the healthier life style, one of the biggest illustration is of YOGA. most of the foreign tourer besides visit India because of this intent as they find new and better ways that could maintain them healthy in their twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours sy life style. Language: The Indian population is besides good at talking English linguistic communication, so this factor plays an indirect portion in the upliftment of the touristry industry. The aliens do non happen it much hard to convey themselves to the people. Technological Analysis: Technology ever plays an critical function in any sector, so it has besides played its portion in touristry industry. Some of the major technological factors that affect the industry if touristry are as under: Medical Tourism: Medical touristry has emerged in India from 1995, the medical industry is driving more and more aliens to come to India for their intervention. India is inexpensive at medical processs and technologically advanced than the other states. Around 1.5 lacs of tourer visited India merely for medical intents, which generated $ 300 million entirely.Thus this one technological factor is pulling more and more crowd to India. IT SECTOR: IT sector is one of the sector in which India is acquiring advanced twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. It is driving more and more foreign subjects and tourer to our state as its supplying some occupation oppoturnity to them, which inturn makes rise in growing of the touristry sector. There are many IT parks in India and many IT hubs which techno understanding people from abroad visit to larn new things. Ecological Analysis: Environment is the chief portion of our lives that affect us straight. Environment analysis is necessary for touristry industry as its dependant on environment. Environment factor that has impact on touristry industry of India are: GO GREEN IDEOLOGY: Go green political orientation is one of the major stairss taken by our authorities for the saving of environment. This political orientation states that more and more trees should be planted and less ingestion of fuel should be done. This affects touristry industry straight as better environment will drive more crowd to the state. Global Heating: Global heating is one of the issues of concern of the whole universe. Global heating is set uping the touristry of India as glaciers of Himalaya and the assorted hill Stationss in the Jammu and Kashmir and in Himachal Pradesh are confronting problem because of planetary heating as the temperature and conditions conditions are altering at that place dramatically. SAVE TIGERS INITIATIVE: Tiger salvaging enterprises are besides taking a gait, because royal Bengal tiger is universe celebrated. Peoples come from different states to see the national Parkss like KAZIRANGA etc, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams are the chief attractive force to the tourers, so authorities is taking inaugural to salvage Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams. Legal Analysis: Legal factors of any state have an impact on its touristry. Assorted Torahs and Acts of the Apostless have direct relationship with the rise and autumn in the rate of touristry. Some of the legal factors that have impact on our touristry industry are given as under: TAX Exemption: The strategy and Torahs like revenue enhancement freedom aid to develop the touristry industry. The revenue enhancement freedom Torahs like, 50 % of net income derived by travel agents and Tours operators will merely be taxed. Such legal strategies are assisting a batch in improvement of touristry. INCREDIBLE INDIA: One of the aggressive advertizement run by touristry section is the INCREDIBLE INDIA, it is a advertisement strategy for which the authorities pays the money. Many streamers and advertisment on assorted channels are shown, by this the ministry of touristry attempts to demo assorted great topographic points which can be visited in India. Low Spenders: Apart from the above stated schemes one of the legal drawbacks is that Indian authorities does non pass much on the development and upliftment of touristry because of which touristry industry is non acquiring the uttermost best channel for executing the best. Menus: Government besides provides the installations of the partially low menu to the aliens in the railroads every bit good as in other services to demo the sort intervention and cordial reception to the aliens, this will bring forth the word of mouth promotion of the touristry industry which inturn is the positive mark of legal factors. Observation: Cheap air carnival is controling the domestic touristry, as people are preferring to travel to different topographic points with easiness and in short clip Aggressive touristry scheme adopted by states like states like SINGAPORE and INDIA is still dawdling to implement such schemes. High operation costs. Medical touristry is emerging in India which is assisting to bring forth better economic system from it. $ 300 million generated in 2004. Economic development has developed the gait of domestic touristry. Personal disposable income during 2002-2007 grew at a CAGR of 14.16 % , thereby driving domesticA every bit good asA outward touristry. Royal trains and castles attract the tourer who love the royal ways of life. FUTURE OF THE TOPIC: Inspite of overall recession and war of terrorist act, the hereafter looks bright: Common wealth games 2010, is one of the immense chance by which the touristry industry could anticipate to bring forth high grosss. Increased hotel installations, the adjustment will be easier for the tourers. Development of the substructure has already begun and this will assist in hiking the touristry. Assorted GO GREEN A ; SAVE TIGER enterprises are adding to a better India. Fight war of terrorist act to prolong.

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LCT Task 4 English - Term Paper Example The book focuses on the social and economic pressures that were rampant in England at the time it was written. The story is set in a fictitious industrial town called Coketown, which is based on Preston during the 19th century. One of the main focuses of this novel was utilitarianism which holds that the ultimate objective of every individual is to promote general social welfare. The social struggle depicted in this novel is mostly centered on industrialists and workers. The story revolves around various characters including Thomas Gradgrind who is a wealthy ex-merchant living in Coketown. Gradgrind has devoted his life to rationalism, fact and self-interest, and this philosophy is the one that he uses in bringing up Louisa and Tom, two of his children. Tom grows up to be a sadistic hedonist while his sister Louisa constantly struggles with confusion. She later marries her father’s friend, Josiah Bounderby, a rich banker and industrialist who is thirty years her senior. In the meantime, an impoverished Stephen Blackpool, is in love with a poor factory worker but he cannot marry her as he already ahs a wife who is drunk and not loyal to him. However, he learns from Bounderby that he cannot get a divorce from his horrible wife since it is only the wealthy who are allowed to get divorced. In the end, Bounderby dies alone in Coketown’s streets while Gridgrind abandons his philosophy and decides to devote his political position to help the poor (Dickens, 1854). Persuasion by Jane Austen Persuasion was the last novel completed by Jane Austen in 1816 (Faye, 2003). This is one of the author’s novels that reflects the changes occurring in England’s social order at the time (Faye, 2003). This period was marked by many members of the peerage group losing their high places in society. The book begins with a scenario where the Elliots, an upper class family, is considering moving to a smaller residence. They want to rent out their big mansion to a navy man named Admiral Croft. Baronets such as Anne’s father were finding it difficult to maintain their spendthrift lifestyles. Anne’s family refuses her to get married to Wentworth, who they consider to be poor. However, in the end, Wentworth is able to gain wealth and finally marries Anne (Austen, 1934). How Does Plot Reveal Characters’ Social Struggle? The plot of Hard Times is divided into three sections: sowing, reaping and garnering. Sowing focuses on Mr. Gradgrind and the way that he brings up his children, especially Louisa and Tom. His high-class life philosophy is inculcated in the upbringing of the two and this later is shown to have a serious impact on their lives. Mr. Gradgrind is a strong believer that ample education based on facts and calculations is the only way to live a good life. However, later on in the book, Louisa and Tom do not benefit at all from this philosophy of the wealthy. Tom becomes a hedonist and a thief and Louisa is confused with her life and ends up making the mistake of marrying a man more than twice her age. The second part of the book introduces workers who work at the mills. Stephen Blackpool is one of the poor workers and he is presented as a â€Å"man of perfect integrity†. It is through the development of Stephen’s character in the second part of Hard Times that the morality of the nobility is contrasted with the so called morality of the lower class. Through Stephen’s character some of the issues faced by the poor workers such as not being allowed

Financial Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Management - Assignment Example The analysis of the data present in the financial statements helps the top level management of the organization to take a correct decision. The decisions taken after proper analysis of the financial statements are appropriate having reduced chances of flaws. The financial statement is known as the raw form of data which cannot be utilized by anyone without proper knowledge. In such case implementation of different types of analysis tools bring accuracy in the analysis process. Ratio analysis is one such important analysis tool which helps in the analysis of the financial performance of an organization. Ratio Analysis Any sustainable business needs effective financial planning. Ratio Analysis is an essential management tool which helps in improving the financial performance of an organization over time along with providing key indicators associated with the organizational performance (Siddiqui, 2006). The managers use ratio analysis for assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the or ganization based upon which new strategies can be evaluated. ... s financial performance, the financial ratios act as an indicator indicating the places where the company requires rectification for achieving competitive advantage. Moreover when the ratios are far above or below the industry standards then it indicate that the company needs to change its existing strategies for bringing their ratio values close to the industry average. There are mainly four types of ratios: 1) Liquidity ratio 2) Profitability Ratio 3) Solvency Ratio 4) Efficiency ratio Liquidity Ratio The liquidity ratios help in finding out whether a company is able in repaying its short term debt in a proper manner. This ratio is very significant because if any company fails in meeting its short term liabilities then it may even lead to bankruptcy (Gallagher and Andrew, 2007; Hitchner and Mard, 2011). High liquidity ratios signify that the organization is performing in an efficient manner for meeting the short term liabilities. In the context of liquidity ratio, two ratios of Kin gfisher Plc have been calculated. The first is the current ratio and the second is the quick ratio. Current Ratio Current Ratio is measured as: Current Ratio = Current Assets/ Current liabilities Calculation of Current ratio As on 1.1.2012 As on 1.1.2013 Current assets 2989 3068 Current liabilities 3050 2870 Current Ratio 0.98 1.07 The current ratio will help in finding out whether Kingfisher Plc is performing in an appropriate manner in order to meet the short term liabilities or not (Kuppapally, 2008). The current ratio of the company has increased from the year 2012 to 2013. This implies that the inventory value of the company has increased significantly. Kingfisher Plc is utilising the current assets in efficient manner for meeting the current liabilities. Quick Ratio Calculation of

Moores Theory of Democracy Analysis

Moores Theory of Democracy Analysis Book Review: Barrington Moore, Jr. Social Origins of Democracy and Dictatorship: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World. Beacon Press; Reprint edition, 1993 Moores work is an enlightening discussion of the class structures and social origins of democracy and dictatorship, examining the social change process that transformed states and societies from agrarian societies to industrial ones. The book demonstrates the social origins of democracy and dictatorship mediated through class structures (landlords, peasants, and urban bourgeois) and economic arrangements. Moores investigation of the quest for modernization and freedom reveals the history and sociology of political resistance and violent social revolutions against domination, mediated through political and economic interests that provided the impetus to occasions of revolution and also produced counter revolutionary forces that impacted societies political paths. He makes a pointed argument, comparatively explaining how relationships between classes change with increasing commercialization of agriculture and this lays the groundwork for the process of change in the social structures.[ 1] Moore elaborates on the political and economic power of class structures and the process of social change, and he analyzes their relationship and how this impacts political outcomes.[2] The convergence or divergence of interests (political and economic) among these class structures and their influence on political development provides an adequate explanation of the sociology of modernization and the history of revolutions and social change.[3] Moore uses the theoretical lens of Marxist class analysis to explain these dynamics and their role among class structures that in turn have impacted the political path of societies-and how that influenced or shaped the nature of the state and society. Moores work is an important scholarly contribution to the theoretical discussion of the process of modernization and the role of class structures and economic arrangements in comparative case studies. He introduces three categories to explain the process of modernization and the outcomes. The first, bourgeois revolution, features England, France, and the US, all countries that abolished traditional landed elite domination and became capitalist democracies.[4] The second category focuses on the revolutions in Germany and Japan that resulted in fascism-what Moore calls revolution from above, a process which produced the defeat of popular revolution by the traditional landed elite and preserved their dominant position during industrialization. The third category, peasant revolution, features Russia and China, where revolutionary peasantry abolished the traditional elite. Moore makes the radical and intriguing argument that violent social revolution was necessary, that liberal democracy succeeded and constitutional democracy was established in these countries because of the violent social revolutions against traditional agrarian elites.ÂÂ   [5] Moores social class perspective enhances our understanding of the history and sociology of the process of modernization. I found his work to be eye-opening, as it provides an insightful explanation of the social roots of modernization and what has followed. His work may be a major contribution in understanding the social process and social roots of democracy and dictatorship, focusing attention on social change factors and the class relationship rather than the more conventional institutional and state-centered explanation. However, his work overlooks or undermines the role and significance of the relative strength or weakness of the states in the comparative case studies as factors that influenced the states political paths. This comparative study of the importance of class analysis and social change and how they impact outcomes and influence political and economic change helps to explain authoritarianism and democratization in the contemporary world. This book may draw researchers attention away from positivist and institutional analysis, helping to understand and explain the nature of political regimes (democratic and dictatorial). Moores analysis of class and social change provides tools to understand the genealogy of the nature of the state and the processes of social change that have impacted the political outcomes of contemporary regimes. His work is clearly relevant to authoritarianism and dictatorship in Africa, with regard to dictatorship. His theoretical insight may be useful in understanding the social origins, social bases, class structures and social change processes in that continent, to explain the socio-economic and political context of dictatorship and the process of democratization. Thi s, however, does not mean that his case studies or historical analysis should be superimposed, but rather that his insight and analytical methods may be an important input. The utility of Moores approach in studying contemporary African states and political regimes will likely be found in the tools it provides for understanding the emergence of class and inter-class coalitions and capturing the story of resistance/coalition among the various class structures. Methodologically, this book demonstrates the importance of including insights from case studies within the comparative framework in order to raise questions that can help us understand relationships, interests, processes and outcomes. Methodologically, Moores comparative approach is important because specific insights from specific cases can be used to appreciate variations and distinct processes specific to other contexts using analysis of change in class structures. Because of this methodological approach, the historical conditions that have created the conditions for the emergence of western parliamentarian democracy, dictatorships, fascism and communist regimes, have been adequately illustrated. Moores work is a comparative study of modernization through the transition from the pre-modern to the modern industrial era. His main contention is that class and social change explain why some governments developed into dictatorial forms while other developed into democracies. His book central theme revolves around how the political path of modern states (liberal democracy, fascist dictatorship and communist dictatorship) had its origins from the revolutionary past mediated through class structures and process of social change in illustrated through multiple case studies. The political outcome of the class structures, their relationship and contention, is the central theme, supporting his argument that the class struggle between the peasants and the landlord with commercial agricultural interests, and the role of the urban elite, has huge significance. Moores main engagement is with the role of class structure in shaping or influencing political forms of governance in modern industrialized societies. He explicates the relationship between class structure and history and the political outcome of this. Moore states repeatedly that commercialization of agriculture and urban classes are inevitable factorsthatinfluence and shape political outcomes and the transition to the industrialized modern world order. Moore illustrates that it was important to destroy the power of the landed agrarian elite in order to allow the rise of democratic political regimes. [1] Moore, B. (1993). Social origins of dictatorship and democracy: Lord and peasant in the making of the modern world (Vol. 268). Beacon Press. p 418-419 [2] Ibid Page 422-424 [3] Ibid p 486 [4] Ibid 428-478 [5] Ibid xxiii , page 10-22,52-57, 115-150

Pornography †Government Censorship Will Never Promote Equality :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

Pornography – Government Censorship Will Never Promote Equality Catharine Mackinnon seeks to be the Galileo of sexual inequality: the philosopher free of preconceptions who reveals a new structure, incorporating all known facts, radically different from anything previously understood. The structure Galileo overthrew was the Earth-centered universe. The structure Mackinnon must overthrow, in order to make the law do what she thinks it must, is the First Amendment- centered universe (though Mackinnon would probably say it was the pimp-centered universe; pimp is a favorite term of hers). If you have a hammer, everything looks like a nail; Mackinnon is a lawyer, so the law looks like the best way, or the only way, to solve the problem of pornography. If you divorce Mackinnon's conclusions from her prescriptions, you would have a valuable feminist scholar, calling attention to contexts and subtexts in our society previously ignored. But, as an attorney and law professor, Mackinnon must, to accomplish her goals, place herself squarely in confrontation with free speech. This is doubly sad, because the idea she presents us with is so valuable. Mackinnon's central idea is that pornography is the oppression of women; it is not simply talk about or advocacy of oppression. Thus, she argues, contrary to most Constitutional scholars, that pornography is not speech, but action. In Mackinnon's opinion, pornography acts against women twice, when it is made, and when it is viewed. First, women are degraded, raped and (in her belief) even killed in the making of pornographic pictures and films. Then, the pictures and films further participate in the degradation, rape and murder of women by the users of pornography. To cite just one example from Mackinnon's Only Words, Linda Marchiano, then known as Linda Lovelace, was beaten and threatened at gunpoint by her husband during the filming of Deep Throat. The movie then caused men to force women to try acts which Marchiano had only been able to perform under hypnosis. According to Mackinnon, numerous women were hospitalized directly as a result of the film; some were raped by strangers, others were coerced or raped by boyfriends. (Mackinnon and her colleague, Andrea Dworkin, do not really distinguish between rape and psychological coercion; in fact, to Dworkin, all heterosexual sex seems tantamount to rape.) While Mackinnon's world view, thus summarized, may sound extreme, a thought experiment is all that is really necessary to see the validity of her ideas.

The Practice of Clinical Psychology

University of Phoenix Material The Practice of Clinical Psychology Worksheet Answer the following questions. Your response to each question must be at least 150 words in length. 1. What are at least two legal issues associated with clinical psychology? Provide an example of a situation that could be legal but unethical. Explain your response. Confidentiality is one issue associated with clinical psychology. It intersects the legal and ethical jurisdictions in the realm of psychotherapy. These issues are in conflict when legal requirements contradict the APA’s Ethics Code (Plante, 2011).Confidentiality agreement exceptions between patient and therapist include danger that is immediate (suicide, homicide, or any type of abuse). When the Code of Ethics and the law cross the Code of Ethics should always be followed and any discrepancies should be explained to a court of law (Plante, 2011). There are, however, exceptions to the confidentiality rule: in specific situations, a patien t may opt out of confidentiality. This may be when a patient wants to involve their spouse, child, or even a friend in their therapy (Plante, 2011).Clinical psychologists must be careful by documenting exceptions in writing, to maintain integrity because of concerns with confidentiality. Forensic activities are another area where legal issues may affect a psychologist. It is important when psychologists are giving expert testimony that they make sure the assessment tools they choose to use were developed specifically for the purpose the psychologist is using it (Plante, 2011). This is an ethical issue with legal implications rather than a legal issue. 2. What are at least two ethical issues associated with clinical psychology?Provide an example of a situation that could be ethical but illegal. Explain your response. A major point of concern in any ethical discussion in psychology is competence. Appropriate training and instruction that concerns changes in a psychologist’s spe cialized field must be kept up to date (Plante, 2011). According to Plante (2011) 50% of the material learned during a psychologists graduate work becomes obsolete 10 to 12 years after they graduate. This means that clinical psychologists have to relearn half of their specialized field every ten years or so.Psychologists must practice in the field in which they have been trained. It is important that clinical psychologists are not being misleading or deceptive in advertising or public statements (Plante, 2011). A psychologist must never overstate their points of views or their qualifications. Psychologists must correct any misleading statements that have been made by another person on the psychologists behalf. This causes the psychologists to be very clear about their points of view and not overstate their credentials (Plante, 2011). 3. Define professional boundaries, boundary crossings, and boundary violations.What effects do boundaries have on the therapeutic relationship? Dual re lationships are at the heart of most professional boundary violations in the U. S. (Plante, 2011). A dual relationship is when the patient and psychologist develop a relationship outside the professional one. This could be as simple as the psychologist and patient going out for coffee or as extreme as the psychologist and patient engaging in a sexual relationship. Of course psychologists are disciplined when the violations happen, but are encouraged to avoid conflicts of interest and dual relationships with patients (Plante, 2011).Boundary crossings and violations happen when the psychologist engages in an extra psychotherapeutic relationship with the patient. There is a counter argument in this area and that is the psychotherapy must sometimes occur in the patients natural environment. This happens if the patient is severely disabled. To maintain a relationship that is professional and boundaries that are professional the relationship must be kept in a setting that is professional and in situations that is professional.There are some situations though that are unavoidable such as a psychologist who has a small town practice and knows everyone in town (Plante, 2011). 4. What are at least two cultural limitations associated with assessment and treatment? In your response, discuss the use or misuse of assessment instruments, therapy techniques, research results, or any other facet of clinical practice that could have potentially harmful, culture-specific implications. There are some behavioral problems that are culturally specific and require treatment approaches that are culturally specific (Plante, 2011).For example during the Victorian Era, conversion disorders were popular but are not today. I t is telling hta most psychological studies that have been conducted in the last 50 years have been on the Caucasian race from the upper and middle classes (Plante, 2011). This would mean that the results of these tests to minorities is questionable. Culturally specifi c treatment options are being looked at by psychologists, as legitimate alternatives to traditional individual 50 minute insight oriented psychotherapy.

6 Steps to Compose a Professional Masters Research Proposal

6 Steps to Compose a Professional Masters Research Proposal 6 Steps to Compose a Professional Masters Research Proposal If you have completed your undergraduate studies, and you are interested in undertaking further studies to advance your academic career and qualifications, then the next stage of your assessment may include a master’s research proposal. What Is a Master’s Research Proposal? A master’s research proposal aims to demonstrate that you have identified a research subject that is worthy of investigation and study. It is also essential that you demonstrate that the research subject that you are considering is something that is manageable within the timescale that you would have available. The criteria that you need to consider is that your proposed research project would make a significant contribution to the understanding of that subject or the field in which you are studying. In this article, we will walk through some of the key elements that you need to include or consider in your master’s research proposal. Step 1 Title While at this stage of the process, the title that you give your research proposal is provisional only, it is important that you are clear and concise in your title, make sure that the reader can immediately understand the subject that you are proposing to study. Step 2 Introduction In the introduction, you should immediately highlight the questions that are central to the research that you are proposing. You need to be able to articulate the contribution that your research will make to the chosen field of study. Step 3 Background In this ‘background’ section, you are essentially taking the questions that you identified in your introduction and expanding on them, giving more depth and context. Try and set out your research questions in as much detail as possible. Explain to the reader the specific areas that are going to be exploring and why it is important that these areas are explored. Reinforce the contribution that this research will make to your academic discipline. Step 4 Research In this section, you need to set out the research methods that you will be using in this piece of work. Detail the sources that you intend to use, detail the analysis that you will need to complete. Also, make it clear where you are going to access the information that you need. Ensure that you are able to explain how this research is going to help you answer the research questions that you have identified in the introduction. Step 5 Schedule This part of your paper is particularly important for demonstrating that you have considered whether this project is manageable within the time period that you have available. This type of masters research is expected to take three or four years. Map out the work involved and demonstrate how you will be able to deliver your research within the time available. Step 6 Bibliography Any reference points that you have used in this proposal need to be properly documented in the bibliography part. This is the basic academic practice. Use a standard bibliography format that is accepted by your academic institution. A successful Master’s research proposal is an important step when taking your academic studies to the next level. Make sure that you consider all of the different requirements and give yourself the best chance for success.

History and Heritage

History and Heritage The Importance of the Past Human beings inhabit a very unpredictable world. The human environment is a product of the interaction between millions of forces. In order to chart their course through an unpredictable world, human individuals and societies need some sort of guide to determine what possible consequence they take face, upon taking a certain step. The study of the past is therefore important because it is an important factor in determining present and future conduct (Lowenthal, 1998).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on History and Heritage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another aspect of the past is its role in determining the self-image of a human individual or society. Societies cite the real or imagined beliefs and actions of their real or imagined ancestors as evidence that they are a brave, generous and just people, similarly stories about the history of rival societies are told to show them in a bad l ight as compared to one’s own society (Lowenthal, 1998). History is also a tool used to establish the validity of the current beliefs or ideas held by an individual, society or section of a society and the invalidity of the ideas and beliefs held by their ideological enemies (Lowenthal, 1998). The Reason for Disagreement in the Views and Interpretations of the Past Because the past is used as a tool to determine the present and future course of a society, it’s self image and the validity of its beliefs. It becomes a device in the hands of people who wish to chart a particular course for their society, present a particular self-image of the society and establish the validity of certain beliefs (Lowenthal, 1998). An example of this can be seen in the Enola Gay exhibit controversy at the Smithsonian Institution. The historians at the Smithsonian were came up with what they thought was an objective position on the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The exhibit depicted the horrible destruction caused by the bombing however the establishment view that the bombing of two Japanese cities was necessary in order to force the Japanese government to surrender unconditionally, was presented in the exhibit (Bird Sherwin, 1995). Other historians objected to the exhibit on the grounds that it adopted an essentially nationalist position justifying American atrocities, tried to minimize the depiction of horrible destruction and the immense loss of civilian life caused by the bombing and suppressed other facts which would reflect badly on the United States (Bird Sherwin, 1995). However, according to politicians espousing a hyper nationalistic and militaristic agenda, the exhibit was an exercise in anti-Americanism. These politicians were outraged that the museum would exhibit something that would show even the slightest criticism of the United States or the military forces of the United States. Such an exhibit might convince the population to oppose their politi cal agenda (Trescott, 1995).Advertising Looking for report on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The exhibit was also opposed by World War II veterans. They believed firmly that their side in the World War II had been purely good while their enemies were purely evil. They believed that any action undertaken by their side against the enemy was justified. The veterans also belonged to a generation in which it was not considered offensive to assert that the lives of American soldiers were worth more than those of Japanese civilians (Ringle, 1994). Suggestions that the United States may not have been purely a force of good and may have performed actions comparable to the barbarities committed by the German and Japanese enemies caused an explosive emotional reaction in the veterans. In contrast to the veterans and the nationalistic politicians, the historians belonged to an era in which intellectuals adopted distast e for American militarism following defeat in the Vietnam War. They also possessed a wider view of the world and enough knowledge of history to know that patriotism and nationalism are often rhetorical devices used disingenuously by rulers whose actions are often motivated purely by self-interest. Instead of believing, as the politicians and the veterans did, that the United States was a purely benevolent power, they recognized that the United States has often caused immense destruction in other countries (Ringle, 1994). The controversy over the Kennewick Man was another example of an historical issue which caused passionate disagreement between ideologically opposed partisans. To the leader of the Umatillas tribe, the Kennewick Man was evidence that their tribe had always lived in the Washington area and that the scientific belief that they had crossed over to the Americas from Northern Asia was not true (Geranion, 1997). The Difference between ‘Heritage History’ and O bjective Studies of the Past In the past, history was primarily written for the purpose of inducing internal solidarity and enhancing the well being of a particular nation. The writing of histories was part of the nation-building efforts of states. Histories were a selection of facts and myths designed to give a positive image to a particular nation and to vilify its enemies. The history books written in earlier centuries were often commissioned by kings and emperors for the expressed purpose of glorifying their ancestors and providing ideological support for their rule. The purpose of history was to encourage an existing population and to secure its future. History was a socially constructed narrative that Lowenthal terms ‘Heritage History’ (Lowenthal, 1998). Gradually historians have tried to increase the objectivity of history and to distinguish it from ‘heritage history’. History and heritage differ in their purposes. The purpose of history is to explor e and explain the past, recognizing its complexities and unknown aspects (Lowenthal, 1998).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on History and Heritage specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The purpose of heritage on the other hand, is to simplify the past and to come up with an interpretation of the past that may be useful in the achievement of present purposes. According to Lowenthal, the public is only interested in heritage, if narrative espoused by ‘heritage history’ departs from the facts known through objective history; it only bothers some intellectuals (Lowenthal, 1998). History and heritage also differ in the methodology employed to come up with a narrative. History depends on the use of the scientific method and the use of objective criteria to judge historical sources. Objective methodologies employed by historians in order to judge sources may include textual criticism, fingerprint matching, DNA testi ng, and carbon dating etc. Heritage pre-selects those historical sources which can be used to establish a particular narrative, regardless of their authenticity, and dismisses all other sources. Source criticism and other objective methodologies may be employed in the composition of heritage history, but only for the purpose of abandoning inconvenient sources (Lowenthal, 1998). According to Lowenthal, heritage and history are separate but linked phenomenon. Historians attempt to be impartial however it may be impossible for a historical researcher to be utterly unbiased. Therefore, it is possible that historians may come up with a narrative that includes elements of heritage, despite having an intention to come up with an authentic and impartial history. References Bird, K., Sherwin, M. (1995, July 31). Enola Gay Exhibit: The Historians Letter To The Smithsonian. Retrieved from doug-long.com: doug-long.com/letter.htm Geranion, N. (1997, September 21). The Kennewick Man crisis Arche ologists and Indians clash over a 9,300-year-old skull that could rewrite New World history. The Toronto Star . Lowenthal, D. (1998). The Heritage Crusade and the Spoils of History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Advertising Looking for report on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ringle, K. (1994, September 26). At Ground Zero; 2 Views of History Collide Over Smithsonian A-Bomb Exhibit. The Washington Post , p. a.01. Trescott, J. (1995, May 19). Senator Warns Smithsonian on Controversies. The Washington Post , p. D.06.

Planning and Controlling Direct Labor Costs Essay

Planning and Controlling Direct Labor Costs - Essay Example In the current competitive business environment, companies that cannot afford to charge low prices on their products are likely to be excluded from markets. In this regard, cost cutting allows firms to employ low pricing strategy and still make profits (Burns, Quinn, Warren & Oliveira, 2013). Business costs come in many forms. As noted by Burn et al. (2013), manufacturing companies incur expenses in acquisition of raw material and labour among other things. Sometimes it is not easy to assess the value contributed to the company’s product or service by the expenses incurred. According to Burn et al. (2013), many firms find it hard to assess actual contribution of their employees to their products. In this regard, planning and control of direct labour costs is one of the most challenging tasks for businesses. This paper discusses direct labour costs in relation to a soda ash mining company called Tata Chemicals Magadi. Importance of the study Tata Chemicals Magadi has been exper iencing financial difficulties in the recent years. As a result, the company hired an expatriate in May this year to help streamline its operations. After analysing the company’s operations, Paul Patterson (the expatriate) asserted that the Magadi’s financial problems were mainly caused by poor planning and control of labour costs. He therefore proposed a plan to improve labour efficiency. He took office in July 2013 but his progress has never been assessed until today. This study aims at determining the extent to which Patterson has been successful in streamlining the company’s direct labour costs. The specific objectives include: (1) determining actual contribution of individual employees to product output in the months of September, October and November. (2) Reconciling variances and providing information that will help the company to properly plan and control its direct labour costs. (3) Enhancing maximum output from employees. Analysis Direct labour cost co mprises of human resource expenses that goes directly to processing of products or provision of services (Horngren, Datar & Foster, 2003). In a manufacturing set up, direct labour cost would be the expenses incurred in form payment of wages and other benefits to employees who are directly involved in product manufacturing (Horngren, Datar & Foster, 2003). In this regard, as pointed out by Horngren et al. (2003), benefits may range from house allowance, transport allowance, medical cover, social security contribution and workmen’s compensation insurance among other things. This excludes labour expenses related to administrative functions such as accounting, human resources and purchases departments. Some functions in manufacturing department such as supervision and other overhead costs are not part of direct labour costs (Horngren et al., 2003). Tata Chemicals Magadi mines and dries soda ash from Lake Magadi before packaging and transporting to the market. In this case, direct labour costs comprise of wages and other benefits enjoyed by employees who are directly involved in mining and drying of soda ash. There are seven plant operators in charge of mining machines and 22 in charge of driers. In addition, there are 6 drivers who operate tracks that transport wet ash from the lake to the drying plants 4 in charge of front-end loaders at mining

LEADING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

LEADING - Essay Example through a process of training; education; self-study and experience and anyone can become a leader, provided he has the willpower and the desire to do so. Successful leaders, lead by example; establish missions; make a roadmap for success in the future; are decisive and solution-oriented. They do not isolate themselves from others; rather, they work as a part of the team; communicate on a positive level; are emotionally stable, and have the ability to deal with all kinds of emotionally stressful situations without keeling over. They are follower-centric and stand tall and strong with their followers. They are competitive with a high-level of conscientiousness; are bold and ready to take action and risks spontaneously. Judgment -The ability to judge is highly related to the ability to listen; absorb; as well as; to learn from other people; by asking questions of wise people and learning from their answers. Judgment and courage go hand in hand. One leader whose sense of judgment has often been spoken about and appreciated was President Reagan. He made some very correct judgments, on major issues of great national importance. (Johnson, P. 2005; Forbes 175 (10), 31) Humor is also a very essential ingredient of leadership. Although there have been a few leaders who were not known for their humor; even some of those leaders e.g. Margaret Thatcher has been known to crack the odd joke or two. President Lincoln, and President Reagan were known for their stories and one-liners respectively. (Johnson, P. 2005; Forbes 175 (10), 31) Subordinates always work with more gusto when there is laughter behind their work and the person they are looking up to in a leadership position makes them laugh and feel comfortable. Moral courage is probably one of the most important traits of a leader. It leads a person to adhere to whatever he believes in, despite every adversity; criticism or obstacle thrown in his way. Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela and Mahatma Gandhi all had moral